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Indiana Right-to-Work Coverage

… ~~~~~ Articles Indiana Is A Right-to-Work State BREAKING: Indiana House Passes Right-to-Work Bill, Measure To Become Law … Debate Indiana Dems Lose On Right-to-Work Bill and Run Again …

Vernuccio in Washington Times

Wisconsin at work on right-to-work

… the effects stemming from right-to-work passage in Michigan and Indiana. … Michigan as the nation’s 25th right-to-work state. Earlier this week on … labor committee in support of right-to-work legislation.

The Intellectual Firepower Against Right-to-Work

Who's who on right-to-work

… ny opponents of a Michigan right-to-work law cite figures generated … condition of employment. The right-to-work law in Michigan prohibits unions … cited by supporters of the right-to-work law in Michigan has …

UAW Flier Short on Facts

Union right-to-work myths dispelled

… has put together a flier on right-to-work "facts" that it is handing … than their counterparts in right to work for less states." Fact: Unions … numbers to use. Other anti-right-to-work groups list the number …

Manufacturing Employment Share 20% Higher in Right-to-Work States

New study examines impact of right-to-work laws at the county level

MIDLAND, Mich. — Right-to-work states have seen a significant … employment compared to non-right-to-work states, according to a new … study provides a look at how right-to-work laws have influenced …

Vernuccio, Lehman Wall Street Journal Op-Ed

The Mackinac Center and right-to-work

… Mackinac Center has played over the past 25 years in making Michigan a right-to-work state, and what it means for Michigan's future.

Public Safety Workers in Michigan Now Enjoy Right-to-Work

Janus v. AFSCME decision gives right-to-work to police and firefighters in Michigan

… longer excluded from Michigan’s right-to-work law, due to last month’s U.S … their jobs. Michigan became a right-to-work state in 2013, meaning workers … firefighters in Michigan now have the right to choose whether they want …

West Virginia House Vote Could Tip National Scale on Right-to-Work

State poised to become 26th right-to-work state

… Virginia the nation’s 26th right-to-work state, allowing workers to … membership rate — which became right-to-work in 2012. F. Vincent Vernuccio, … of the economic trends in right-to-work states, and has been …

The Human Side of Right-to-Work Legislation

These are real people who have been hurt by forced unionization

… gets closer to becoming a right-to-work state, the focus often is on … moral one. In our state, right now, tens of thousands of people … SEIU. If Michigan becomes a right-to-work state, no union could ever …

Watch Vernuccio Discuss Labor Reform at Heritage

Panel discussion on right-to-work and wages

… panelist for their event "Do Right-to-Work Laws Really Reduce Wages? Examining … contrasted Michigan and other right-to-work states against without right-to-work policies: The full …

Right-to-Work Library

Should right to work become law in Indiana, the implications … Indiana's attempt to become a right-to-work state:  Dems Don't Run: Standoff Ends — Indiana Right-to-Work Obstacle Cleared Indiana …

Right-to-Work FAQ

… ESSENTIALS What exactly is a right-to-work law? "Right-to-Work" is a state law that prohibits … Currently, 22 states have right-to-work laws. While right-to-work …

Today in History

Right-to-work bills pass Legislature

… condition of employment, passing bills that would make Michigan the 24th right-to-work state in the country. That came exactly 17 years to the day after former …

Americans are Moving to Right-to-Work States

Right-to-work states gain 480,000 people from domestic migration

… underscore another aspect of the right-to-work debate that does not often … Americans continue to move to right-to-work states. The Mackinac Center … Census Bureau, states with right-to-work laws gained a net 480,411 …

That’s What We Said

Right-to-work studies confirm Mackinac Center findings

… nation’s 26th state to adopt a right-to-work law. One product of the debate … to the legislative vote on right-to-work in West Virginia, the state … called “The Economic Impact of Right-to-Work Policy in West Virginia,” …

Right-to-Work-for-Yadda-Yadda-Yadda

For the umpteenth time: No, wages won't collapse.

… challenge in defending the right-to-work concept, it isn't researching … Institute found that workers in right-to-work states have a lower standard … this legislation would be “right to work for less.” Greedy …

Wright Discusses Right-to-Work Decision with State Media

Michigan Supreme Court extends right-to-work to state employees

On July 29, the Michigan Supreme Court upheld right-to-work for state employees, ruling that the Michigan Constitution … order to have a job, and so we think this was a right decision." His interpretation of the ruling is …

Incomes Rise in Right-to-Work Michigan; Officials Project More To Come

Opponents' 'right-to-work for less' predictions fall flat

… next couple years. In their work, officials consider economic … quarter. When Michigan’s new-right-to-work law was enacted at the end … employment by calling it “right-to-work-for-less.”

LaFaive Cited on Indiana Right-to-Work Law

… Michigan now that Indiana has extended right-to-work protections to its workers. “I worry that without a right-to-work law of our own, Indiana will grow at …

Why Michigan Needs a Right-to-Work Law

… An essential first step is right-to-work legislation. Right-to-work laws give employees the choice … politics.  Essentially, a right-to-work law sends a strong …

A New Right-to-Work State?

New Hampshire moves closer

… Hampshire is on the verge of becoming the 23rd right-to-work state, after House Bill 474 there cleared the House … would ensure that individual workers have the right to join or refuse to join a union and have the …

From Long Shot to Victory

Larry Reed recalls right-to-work fight

… first time we had called for a right-to-work law for Michigan, but getting … attitude was: "So let's get to work on it!" I had lived in Idaho … of Market Alternatives. We worked on many freedom-related issues including right-to-work and when Idaho voters …

Unions Admit Forcing People to Pay Dues is Political

U.S. Supreme Court considers right-to-work for all

… to stop, essentially guaranteeing right-to-work for all public sector workers in the … writer and union supporter: When right to work was imposed in Wisconsin a few years …

Kersey Discusses Right-to-Work

… discussed a legislative proposal known as “right-to-work for teachers,” as well as the economic benefits of right-to-work laws.

The Detroit News Points to Mackinac Center Research

Fact-checking right-to-work claims

Opponents of right-to-work policies often point to flawed research to make … Mackinac Center: Michigan became a right-to-work state in 2012, and since then the state’s …

Right-to-Work Legislation Possible in Indiana

How will this affect Michigan?

… likely to act quickly on a right-to-work bill that could be introduced … consequences for Michigan. Right-to-work laws prohibit employers and … economic growth. No state with a right-to-work law currently borders …

Little Evidence That Unions Make Workers Safer

Workplace injuries are plummeting in right-to-work states

… warning West Virginians a right-to-work law would lead to more injuries and deaths on the job. Right-to-work prevents unions from having … refusing to pay union fees. Right-to-work doesn’t restrict union …

Don’t Limit Workers’ Right to Work

Bill would limit individual rights

… “Bills would allow employees to vote on right-to-work.” “If the employees are upset that … support a union. Under Michigan’s right-to-work law, employees have full authority …

Vernuccio Interviewed for Ohio Watchdog

Examining the economic effects of right-to-work laws

… Mackinac Center Director of Labor Policy F. Vincent Vernuccio discussed right-to-work policies and how states have fared with them in recent years with Watchdog.org. …

Vernuccio Interviewed by Wall Street Journal

West Virginia Legislature votes for right-to-work

… Journal to discuss his recent work in West Virginia, which is … to become the nation’s 26th right-to-work state. Friday, hours after … toward worker freedom and how right-to-work improves lives and can make …

What a Right-to-Work Law Will Mean for Indiana — and Michigan

… indicated his support for a state right-to-work law. Such a law would prevent … employed. If Indiana adopts a right-to-work law it could have dire financial … similar to that of the other 22 right-to-work states, Hoosiers can …

RTW Passes; Congratulations to Dr. William Wilson

Economist lost job for supporting right-to-work

… histories about Michigan’s right-to-work law are authored, there will … talking and writing about right-to-work practically since we opened … 2002 study on the effect of right-to-work on economic development. …

Right-to-Work States Have Faster Income Growth

Last year, seven of the 10 states with greatest increase in income were right-to-work

Opponents of right-to-work insist the policy causes wages to … Michigan, there are 25 states with right-to-work laws ensuring no worker can … condition of employment. In many right-to-work states, wages and incomes …

History, Economics and Right-to-Work

… December 2012 passage of a right-to-work law in Michigan was filled … economics displayed by anti-right-to-work politicians on the inside. … about the economic effects of right-to-work laws, some of which …

Senate Leader Supports Right to Work For Teachers

… R-Monroe, said he will support right-to-work for public school employees, calling it a “right-to-teach.” Richardville made … Education Association, under a right-to-teach law. “They would … also said he didn’t support right-to-work for the entire state, …

State, National Media Turn to Mackinac Center on RTW

Center experts explain benefits of right-to-work for Michigan

… benefits to Michigan becoming the 24th right-to-work state Tuesday. Labor Policy Director … Legal Foundation, told Forbes.com that right-to-work gives union members a choice and those …

Right-to-Work: Looking Back, Moving Forward

The push to extend right-to-work protections for Michigan employees is gaining … 2007 study, "The Economic Effects of Right-to-Work Laws: 2007," by Labor Policy Director …

Right-to-Work and the Mackinac Center

Touting labor freedom for 25 years

… workplace destiny through a right-to-work law, which prohibits employers … pushing that window toward right-to-work since 1990, over the years … development, migration, changes in wages and more. Type right-to-work into our website’s …

Poll Results Could Be Positive Indicator For Right-to-Work Advocates

Michigan State University poll finds only 41 percent think right-to-work law will hurt Michigan

… Michigan adults believe the new right-to-work law will either help Michigan's … the same day that state's right-to-work law officially took effect. Instead, the theme was that the right-to-work law "sharply divided" …

Despite Collapse in Membership, SEIU Poised to Go All-In in Michigan

$150 million campaign blunted by right-to-work law

… elderly — and the passage of the state’s right-to-work law. Since Michigan passed right-to-work in 2012 giving workers a choice about …

For State Employees, 2014 Means Finally Having the Freedom To Choose

Right-to-work now an option

… expired Dec. 31, meaning that right-to-work now applies to the vast majority … the state claiming the new right-to-work law could not be applied to … disagreed, ruling that the state's right-to-work "is constitutional …

Vernuccio Cited in Forbes

Why Wisconsin and others become right-to-work

… evidence for the benefits enjoyed by right-to-work states. On Monday, Wisconsin became the nation’s 25th right-to-work state.

Don't Look Now

Right-to-Work Is in the Overton Window

… political debate. An idea, such as right-to-work, that had been unthinkable … mainstream. Well, it looks like right-to-work has gone mainstream in Michigan. … allow localities to create “right-to-work zones,” in which unions …

Vernuccio Co-Authors Op-Ed in Washington Times

Missouri may become 26th right-to-work state

… Missouri General Assembly passed right-to-work legislation. Although Gov. … to make Missouri the 26th right-to-work state in the union. Mackinac … Peter Kinder, discussing what right-to-work would mean for the …

Occam's Razor and Right-to-Work

EPI paper tries to bury benefits of right-to-work under a mound of rationalizations

… Institute released a report on right-to-work by Gordon Lafer, an associate … trivial, to our claim that right-to-work would benefit Michigan's economy. … on the economic effects of right-to-work laws would fail if …

By the Numbers

Right-to-work

… personal income since passing its RTW law at the end of 2012. So much for "Right-to-Work for less."

Right-to-Work Makes Unions Stronger

Vernuccio op-ed in Washington Examiner

… who stand to benefit from right-to-work laws, according to data from … According to BLS data, unions in right-to-work states gained more members … despite the fact that non-right-to-work states have over 7 …

What Is Right-to-Work?

… r Investigative Analyst Anne Schieber explains in this short video what right-to-work is, and what it is not. You can read more about this issue here.

Is Right-to-Work Racist?

'In a right-to-work state, I am a free man because my labor belongs to me'

… era up in the debate over right-to-work in Michigan. Michigan State … naturally be supportive of right-to-work laws. "All of the states that … Constitution giving women the right to vote passed the Congress, …

Right to Work: Right for Oregon, Right for Michigan

More jobs, faster growing incomes, all that good stuff

… evidence for the value of right-to-work laws, which allows individual … higher if it had passed a right-to-work law in 1985, at about the time … the economic performances of right-to-work and non-right-to-work …

Kersey Cited on Right-to-Work Laws

… took part in a panel discussion about right-to-work laws, explaining that the 23 states … News. You can learn more about the right-to-work issue here.

Strong Support for Right-to-Work Measures in the Michigan Legislature

… that Indiana may soon enact a right-to-work law, a long-simmering Michigan … Michael LaFaive wrote earlier, right-to-work states appear to have significant … Snyder has said he would sign a right-to-work bill if it landed on …

After 10 Years, It’s Clear Right-to-Work Benefits Michigan

Right-to-work gives Michigan workers a choice

MIDLAND, Mich. — Right-to-work laws are good for workers, unions … the history and purpose of right-to-work laws, with a special focus … Michigan’s 10-year experience as a right-to-work state. Right-to-work …

Former MEA Local Prez: Union May Lose 40% of Members – Including Him – if Teacher Right to Work Passes

… thinks the much-talked about “right-to-teach” legislation for public … Association membership if right-to-work for teachers became a reality. … percent of its members if right-to-work protections for school employees …

Vernuccio and Bowman Author Wall Street Journal Op-Ed

The future of the UAW members under right-to-work

… to resign from the union since the passage of right-to-work in 2012. Mackinac Center Director of Labor Policy … in 2014. Workers now pay dues worth 2½ hours of work every month, the first increase of its kind since …

The False Social Concerns About Right-to-Work

… Henderson expresses concern that right-to-work states are doing worse than … these trends are in favor of right-to-work or forced unionism states, … similar increases between right-to-work and forced unionism …

Employees In Right-to-Work States Are Richer

When adjusting for the cost of living, workers in right-to-work states have 4.1 percent higher incomes

Scores of right-to-work critics ranging from politicians to … lower per-capita incomes in right-to-work states as why the new law is … December 2012. Hohman said the right-work-states didn’t surpass non-right-to-work …

How Right-to-Work Can Make Unions Stronger

Right-to-work is not for or against unions. In fact, the only effect of right-to-work on collective bargaining is … associating with) a union. While right-to-work is not completely neutral …

The CapCon Guide: What to know about right-to-work in Michigan, post-repeal

Government employees can’t be forced to pay unions, even after Michigan loses right-to-work status

… e the repeal of Michigan’s right-to-work laws, many people have been … important to be clear about what right-to-work does. In a right-to-work state, employees cannot …

Center Featured in West Virginia Media

West Virginia could become 26th right-to-work state

… to become the nation's 26th right-to-work state, the Mackinac Center’s … of life in other states: Right-to-work has helped other states. They … lower unemployment. Almost all right-to-work states have lower workplace …

Right-to-Work Laws Produce Greater Economic Growth

New study compares states vs. how they would have performed without right-to-work laws

… 989-698-1914 MIDLAND — States with right-to-work laws over the past six decades … would have experienced without right-to-work, according to a new Mackinac … most recent state to adopt a right-to-work law, we thought it …

Center Right-to-Work Research Cited in Bloomberg

Research by Mackinac Center scholars on right-to-work laws was cited recently in Bloomberg Businessweek. The article also cites a University of Oregon …

School Districts Closed Because Of Excessive Teacher Absences Over Right-to-Work

Students suffer because 'several hundred' teachers call in sick to attend right-to-work protest in Lansing

… vacation day to protest proposed right-to-work legislation, which is expected … not the teachers, made the right call. "I think that political … in Lansing against proposed right-to-work legislation. Taylor School …

LaFaive Cited on Indiana Right-to-Work Battle

If Indiana passes right-to-work legislation as expected, it could force Michigan … of grass-roots activity promoting (right-to-work) here,” Michael LaFaive, director of …

Right-to-work States Do Not Have Lower Wages

New study debunks union claim about right-to-work laws

… oft-touted claim by unions that right-to-work laws result in lower wages for workers. "Right-to-Work States Do Not Have Lower Wages," … frequently cited to criticize right-to-work laws. Douglas’s analysis …

Mackinac Research Cited by Wall Street Journal

Two articles examine right-to-work in West Virginia and across the country

… to become the nation’s 26th right-to-work state, cites Mackinac Center … impact on jobs and income. Right to work isn’t a panacea, but it can help. Michigan adopted right to work in 2012, and the Mackinac …

Vernuccio's Wisconsin Senate Committee Testimony Video

Why right-to-work is right for Wisconsin

… the Wisconsin Senate labor committee. Wisconsin is currently considering right-to-work for the public and private sectors. You can watch his testimony below or …

State, National Media on SEIU's Downward Spiral

Right-to-work rescues 44k from stealth unionization scheme

… the stealth unionization should not have happened in the first place and right-to-work will help prevent future, similar schemes.

Private sector employees would be affected if right-to-work repealed in Michigan

A U.S. Supreme Court ruling gives public employees, such as schoolteachers, the right to opt out, but employees at private firms like Ford would be affected by a right-to-work repeal

… Hills Schools and because of a right-to-work law that went into effect in … each year on family needs. Right-to-work means workers cannot be forced … keep their job. Michigan’s right-to-work law was signed in December …

But I Thought That Went Without Saying ...

Right-to-Work Is Very Much a Live Issue

… drew cheers by pledging to “work to make sure Michigan never becomes a right-to-work state.”[*] Now how that will … the fact that it apparently worked — Leyton got the convention’s … nomination — tells you that right-to-work is on the minds of …

Center Expert Outlines Right-to-Work Issue

… Policy Initiative, explains in a Bay City Times Op-Ed why Michigan needs a right-to-work law.

Show Me the Worker Freedom

Right-to-Work Vote in Missouri

… are seriously considering right-to-work. In early April, right-to-work legislation won majority approval … recess now, any potential right-to-work legislation will need …

It's Official: Indiana Is a Right-to-Work State

Congratulations are in order for our Hoosier neighbors

… benefit to Indiana's workers. Right-to-work laws are associated with faster … that as Michiganders see what right-to-work protections bring to Indiana, … Michigan may become the 24th right-to-work state, perhaps as early …

Then and now, polling on right-to-work in Michigan shows it is popular

A dozen polls over 20 years, and almost all show broad support for the law

… the past 20 years shows that right-to-work is extremely popular in Michigan. Right-to-work laws make it illegal to require … union contracts. Michigan’s right-to-work law was passed in December …

Survey: Teachers in Right-to-Work States Live Quite Comfortably

However, teachers' union still pushing stories that claim right-to-work linked to poverty, problems

… Dennis bemoans “life in a right-to-work state” in a story in the recent … Carolina, which already was a right-to-work state. Dennis lamented in … however, about low pay and right-to-work are contradicted by …

Right-to-Work States Have Lower Workplace Injury Rates

Big Labor’s fatal error on state employee afflictions

… Big Labor that becoming a right-to-work state will result in lower … Consider Oklahoma, which became a right-to-work state in 2001. From 2000 to … than in Michigan. Overall, right-to-work states have a slightly …

Indiana Democrat: Right-to-Work Bill 'One of the Worst ... In a Generation'

GOP Senator: Dems 'would do anything' to stop right-to-work legislation

… the leading proponents of right-to-work legislation in Indiana says … Indiana from becoming the 23rd right-to-work state in the nation,” Sen. … lawmakers who did not show up for work last week, denying the House …

Hohman in Wall Street Journal

Right-to-work states enjoy higher per capita income

… week. The article, titled "The Right-to-Work Advantage," discusses the economic … that lead states to adopt right-to-work policies. Hohman’s research found that “right-to-work states have 4.1 percent …

Michigan Democrats go 0-6 in predictions on right-to-work’s economic effects

In the decade of right-to-work in Michigan, dire predictions have not panned out

… gan’s legislators approved right-to-work in 2012 over the objections … Representatives Journal: So-called ‘right-to-work’ legislation will not boost … economies throughout our state. ‘Right to work’ erodes the financial …

Indiana works with Right-to-Work

Want to bring back manufacturing?

… development tool in the form of a right-to-work law. This law simply states … Scholarship generally shows right-to-work laws are beneficial to workers … the employment impacts of right-to-work laws. The study looks …

Michigan Workers’ Incomes Up Since Right-To-Work Became Law

Union activists’ ‘right to work for less’ snarks had it exactly backwards

… criticized a recently passed right-to-work bill in Michigan. This bill, … a headline that read: “The right to work for less,” activist and public … teacher Greg Talberg said, “Right-to-work legislation will have …

Court Rules in Favor of Mackinac Center Clients

Ruling says union and district violated right-to-work law

… our years after Michigan’s right-to-work law passed, teachers in the … for helping us ensure our right to work.” As explained by the Associated … signed just weeks before the right-to-work law took effect in …

Vernuccio Testifies on Right-to-Work in West Virginia

Director of Labor Policy described how states benefit from worker freedom

… Virginia Legislature about how right-to-work laws can benefits states. West Virginia is expected to pass a right-to-work law soon, giving workers the … other states that have adopted right-to-work legislation in recent …

Will Michigan politicians force workers to pay corrupt unions?

Right-to-work repeal would punish almost 150k Michigan workers

… Michigan lawmakers passed a right-to-work law in 2012 that freed workers … Board. Without Michigan’s right-to-work law, UAW workers would have … corruption. Repealing Michigan’s right-to-work law will hurt workers …

Big Labor’s death knell in Michigan

As right-to-work is repealed, unions have rarely been weaker

… first state in decades to repeal its right-to-work law by legislative action, which took … AFSCME. The repeal of Michigan’s right-to-work law came after a concerted effort – …

Polls on Michigan’s Right-to-Work Law

… are the polls taken about “right-to-work” laws in Michigan in recent years. Right-to-work makes it illegal for people … fees to a union even if they work in a unionized workplace and …

Right-to-work was key to pandemic recovery

Post-shutdown difference is stark: States that make it easier on job creators end up creating more jobs

… closely tied to whether it has a right-to-work law. Workers have the freedom … states, which protect the “right to work,” bounced back from the pandemic … created the most jobs have right-to-work laws. They’ve more …

Dire Predictions of Right-to-Work Didn't Come True

Opponents of right-to-work predicted many negative economic results before Michigan became the country's 24th right-to-work state. But, as a recent Capitol Confidential …

Right-to-Work Is Right for Michigan

… WTCM recently wrote about right-to-work protections for employees in … explaining that making Michigan a right-to-work state would lure more job creators … addressed the issue of wages right-to-work states as compared …

In 2012, Michigan voters rejected a ban on right-to-work

Nearly 60% of Michigan voters rejected the attempted constitutional amendment, and Gov. Snyder signed the right-to-work law a month later

… voters have already spoken on right-to-work. In November 2012, a majority … rejected an attempt to outlaw right-to-work in Michigan. Any attempt to repeal right-to-work would be in direct …

State Economic Development Group Has Little To Do With Job Success

Analyst: 'Right-to-work’s success will be determined by Michigan’s overall economic performance'

… because of the state's new right-to-work law. In an MLive column, Austin, a … little say in how successful right-to-work will be in Michigan. "Right-to-work's success will be determined …

Michigan must choose top-down or bottom-up

On right-to-work and economic development, Lansing favors powerful special interests

… bill to repeal the state's right-to-work law, while also supporting … development efforts. They don't work. Unfortunately, politicians … drive to repeal Michigan's right-to-work law. Unlike many labor laws, …

Right-to-work no longer rules in private sector

Agency fees still apply; public sector workers still have right-to-work

Right-to-work protections no longer apply to people who work in the private sector, meaning … Legislature repealed Michigan’s right-to-work law last year, and the repeal …

Studying Right to Work

Guess what? Another poll shows Michigan voters support it.

… study on the implications that right to work would have in Michigan, as … and Team TelCom showing that right to work had the support of 51 percent … Michigan voters. As proponents of right to work going back for 20 years, …

Right-to-Work

How a longshot principle became a legislative possibility

… the 23rd state to adopt a right-to-work law early in 2012, many thought … the 24th state to adopt a right-to-work law, which protects employees … morning, Michigan didn’t have a right-to-work law on its books. By …

Reopening Union Contracts Could Free Workers

Altering contracts will trigger right-to-work law, according to legal expert

… unions to avoid the state's right-to-work law may trigger it anyway if … March 27 deadline for the right-to-work law to take effect. "We will … However, that will allow right-to-work to be enacted, said …

Unionized Government Takes and Spends More

… government employee collective bargaining and binding arbitration laws, and right-to-work status. Here’s how the “strong public unionism” states did economically between …

Michigan Workers Are Ready for Right-to-Work

… association is part of Michigan’s work culture and the legitimate … acceptance of this particular right of workers has been less than … and try to stand up for this right often encounter downright hostility. … workers in what are called “right-to-work” states have a much easier …

Tennessee adds right-to-work to state constitution

Safeguarding worker rights in the Volunteer State

… freedom is a constitutional right that must be protected. Voters … two to one margin, elevating right-to-work from law to a constitutionally protected right in Tennessee. The amendment … firmly secured Tennessee’s right-to-work law in our state constitution …