1 Mike Black, “Amazon and Walmart Solidify Their Price Leadership Heading Into the Holidays” (Profitero, Nov. 15, 2023), https://perma.cc/49A2-4XE2.
2 Andrea McFarling, “Why Consumers Pick Amazon, and What You Can Do About It” (Allucent, 2024), https://perma.cc/C75V-NJYH.
3 Annie Palmer, “Amazon Says It’s Delivering More Packages in One Day or Less After Overhauling Delivery Network” (CNBC, July 31, 2023), https://perma.cc/X652-Q3K7.
4 “Attorney General Nessel and the FTC Sue Amazon for Illegally Maintaining Monopoly Power” (Michigan Department of Attorney General, Sept. 26, 2023), https://perma.cc/ZD42-UF9B.
5 Ibid.
6 David Zapolsky, “The FTC’s Lawsuit against Amazon Would Lead to Higher Prices and Slower Deliveries for Consumers—and Hurt Businesses” (Amazon, Sept. 26, 2023), https://perma.cc/W949-4XZH.
7 Jack Flynn, “25+ Amazon Statistics [2023]: Facts About The Largest U.S. E-Commerce Market” (Zippia, June 15, 2023), https://perma.cc/CFM6-AFFZ; “92% of Consumers Are More Likely to Buy Products From Amazon According to Feedvisor’s Consumer Report” (Businesswire, Nov. 2, 2021), https://perma.cc/AHF5-X7RV.
8 Adam Shaffer, “Why Amazon Is a Great Opportunity for Small Businesses” (PhelpsUNITED, April 18, 2023), https://perma.cc/ AHF5-X7RV.
9 U.S. et.al. v. Apple, Inc., Case No. 2:24-cv-04055, U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey, March 21, 2024, https://perma.cc/J373-MN2W.
10 Complaint, FTC, et.al., v. Amazon.com, Inc., Case No. 2:23-cv-01495-JHC (W.D. Wash., Nov. 2, 2023), 85-86, https://perma.cc/ 8KU2-RGVU.
11 Ted Bolema, “California May Be Trying to Evade the Consumer Welfare Standard in Its Antitrust Lawsuit against Amazon” (Mercatus Center, Jan. 23, 2023), accessed March 12, 2024, https://perma.cc/Y8LD-FD9S.
12 Complaint, FTC, et.al., v. Amazon.com, Inc., Case No. 2:23-cv-01495-JHC (W.D. Wash., Nov. 2, 2023), 87-88, https://perma.cc/8KU2-RGVU.
13 Daniel Castro, “The FTC’s Efforts to Label Practices ‘Dark Patterns’ Is an Attempt at Regulatory Overreach That Will Ultimately Hurt Consumers” (Information Technology & Innovation Foundation, Jan. 4, 2023), https://perma.cc/2SNC-2T8B.
14 Complaint, FTC, et.al., v. Amazon.com, Inc., Case No. 2:23-cv-01495-JHC (W.D. Wash., Nov. 2, 2023), 106, https://perma.cc/ 8KU2-RGVU.
15 “Seller Fulfilled Prime: Sell Products with the Amazon Prime Badge and Ship Directly from Your Warehouse” (Amazon, 2024), https://perma.cc/YU76-X62V.
16 “Amazon Marketplace Statistics 2024” (eDesk.com, Feb. 6, 2024), https://perma.cc/4YQW-BZPU.
17 Complaint, FTC, et.al., v. Amazon.com, Inc., Case No. 2:23-cv-01495-JHC (W.D. Wash., Nov. 2, 2023), 44, https://perma.cc/8KU2-RGVU.
18 “Amazon Marketplace Statistics 2024” (eDesk.com, February 6, 2024), https://perma.cc/4YQW-BZPU.
19 “Companies Ranked by Revenue” (Companiesmarketcap.com, 2024), https://perma.cc/97G5-WX5Y; Siddharth Cavale and Arriana McLymore, “Amazon Punished Its Own Sellers to Limit Walmart’s Reach, FTC Says” (Reuters, Nov. 3, 2023), https://perma.cc/2QWN-7RE6.
20 Kate Cox, “White House Reportedly Plans to Name Amazon Foe Lina Khan to FTC” (Ars Technica, March 9, 2021), https://perma.cc/LN64-R4QB.
21 Lina M. Khan, “Amazon’s Antitrust Paradox,” The Yale Law Journal 126, no. 3 (January 2017), https://perma.cc/SQ9E-2HGX.
22 Lina M. Khan, “The Separation of Platforms and Commerce,” Columbia Law Review 119, no. 4, https://perma.cc/Q9DK-RY7C.
23 Adam Shaffer, “Why Amazon Is a Great Opportunity for Small Businesses” (PhelpsUNITED, April 18, 2023), https://perma.cc/ AHF5-X7RV.
24 “AG Nessel and Justice Department Sue Apple for Monopolizing Smartphone Markets” (Michigan Department of Attorney General, March 22, 2024), https://perma.cc/VD9X-JB6U.
25 U.S. et.al. v. Apple, Inc., Case No. 2:24-cv-04055, U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey, March 21, 2024, 7-8, https://perma.cc/J373-MN2W.
26 Verizon v. Trinko, 540 U.S. 398 (2004).